Study design
An observational analysis of public Google Business Profile fields. No business owners or consumers were surveyed, and no field was estimated or imputed.
Data source
Google Maps Platform Places API, requested with explicit field masks. No scraping, screenshots or third-party data were used.
Collection period
Core sample: 30 July – 24 August 2026. Deep audit: 26 August 2026. Ratings and review counts are snapshots of that window.
Markets
United States and Netherlands. The non-US data comes entirely from the Netherlands and is explicitly not a European or EU sample.
Core sample
43,526 unique profiles: 26,975 in the US and 16,551 in the Netherlands. The API returned a rating and review count for 41,164 profiles; the remaining 2,362 are excluded from every rating and review figure.
Deep sample
3,136 separate profiles (2,065 US, 1,071 Netherlands) across 6 industry cohorts: restaurants, hair salons, beauty salons, auto repair, cafés and bars.
Sampling methodology
Profiles were discovered through text searches per industry and locality, in the order Google returned them (popularity-ranked). This is not a random sample; better-known businesses are over-represented.
Deduplication
Each profile counts once, keyed on its unique Google place ID. Profiles without a place ID were excluded. The core and deep samples share no place ID.
Industry classification
Industries come from the primary type Google returned, not from our own taxonomy. The core sample contains 551 distinct category labels; the deep audit deliberately used 6 cohorts.
Comparison methodology
A stored local comparison shares the same Google primary type, sits within roughly 8 km, has at least 20 reviews, and is ahead within an overtakeable band (at least 10 and at most about 400 more reviews, no more than 2.5× the review count); landmarks are excluded. Because the rule selects a business that is already ahead, the share of compared profiles that are behind is a property of the rule.
Calculations
Percentages are the number of profiles meeting a condition divided by the denominator named alongside them. Medians are unweighted. The 4.4× ratio is only 322 divided by 73. Missing values are never counted as zero.
Known limitations
Selection bias from popularity ranking; Netherlands-only coverage outside the US; six cohorts in the deep audit; ratings as point-in-time snapshots; and the comparison rule above. Percentages describe only the profiles studied.
What the Places API does not expose
An owner-written business description, owner replies to reviews, linked social profiles, Q&A answers and Google Posts history. Google's editorialSummary is not the same as a business description and is not used anywhere.
What this study does not claim
It claims no causation, no effect of reviews on Google rankings, no representativeness for Europe or for all businesses in a country, and never treats a field the API did not return as proof that the information does not exist elsewhere.
Underlying profile data source: Google. This research uses the Google Maps Platform Places API and publishes aggregate results only; profile-level data is not redistributed.